un poco de ingles II

Evans Virginia and Dooley Jeny

Upstream

Editorial Express Publishing EU 2005

pp. 151

INGLÉS II

Verbs

Infinitive: to play

Base form: Play

Gerund (ing): Playing

Past participle: Played

SIMPLE PRESENT

En el caso de terceras personas los todos los verbos terminarán en s, es, o ies, en este último caso la y se cambia por i, de la siguiente manera:

s-works

es-brushes

ies- studies

AFF: Subject + verb in base form + complement

NEG: Subject + don´t or doesn´t verb in base form + complement

INT: Do + subject + verb + complement?

AFF: He is a doctor

NEG: He isn’t a doctor

INT: Is he a doctor?

Other verbs

AFF: She plays the guitar

You play the guitar

NEG: don’t/ doesn’t

She doesn’t play the guitar

You don’t play the guitar

INT: do (I, you, we, they) / does (he, she, it)

Uses:

Habits/Routines

Permanent state

Schedule

Modal verbs

Can, could, will, would, should, may, might, have to, must, cough to, hall

AFF: subject + modal verb+ main verb in base form + complement

NEG: subject + modal verb negative + main verb in base form+ complement

INT: modal Verb + subject+ main verb in base form + complement

Example:

Can you whistle?

PRESENT CONTINUOS

I = am

He, she, it = is

We, you, they= are

AFF: Subject + verb to be + main verb in gerund (ing) + complement

They are taking an English lesson.

NEG: Subject + verb to be + not +main verb in gerund + complement

They aren’t taking an English lesson

INT: Verb to be + subject + main verb in gerund + complement

Are they taking an English lesson?

Uses:

Actions happening in the moment of speaking

Processes happening around the time of speaking

Temporality situations

Short term future arrangement (I´m calling my girlfriend tomorrow)

PRESENT PERFECT

Have= I, you, we, they

Has= He, she, it

AFF: Subject + have/has +main verb in past participle + complement

The school has been here since 1970

NEG: Subject + have/has + not + main verb in past participle + complement

The school hasn’t been here since 1970

INT: Have/has + subject + have/has +main verb in past participle + complement

Has the school been here since 1970?

Uses:

Action started in the past continuous that continue today

Experiences

Actions that happened in the past with a visible result in the present

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOS

AFF: Subject +have/ has + been + continuous main verbs gerund+ complement

Erika has been working for 5 hours

NEG: Subject +have/ has + been + not + continuous main verbs gerund+ complement

Erika hasn’t been working for 5 hours

INT: has Erika been working for 5 hours?

Uses:

Emphasize the duration of an action

Express a feeling of anger or annoyment

FUTURE WILL & GOING TO

Will

AFF: Subject + will + verb in base form + complement

He will visit his cousin

NEG: Subject + will + not (won´t) verb in base form + complement

He won´t go diving

INT: Will + subject + verb in base form + complement +?

Will he back soon?

Uses:

Predictions about the future

Promises or- on the spot decisions

Going to:

AFF: Subject + verb to be + going to + verb (ing) + complement

He is going to fly to Italy tonight

NEG: Subject + verb to be + not + going to + verb (ing) + complement

He is not going to have a driving lesson this weekend

INT: Verb to be + Subject + going to + verb (ing) + complement +?

Is he going to have a driving lesson this weekend?

Uses

For plans and intentions for the near future